Ultrasound Diagnosis of Congenital Brain Anomalies

Congenital malformations affect approximately 2-3% of all live births every year (Whiteman et al, 1994; Atlas et al, 1985). Congenital brain anomalies, whether they are isolated (single) or part of syndromes, are a common cause of medical intervention, long-term illness, and death. The neonatologist or perinatologist often is the first person to identify necessary evaluations and management and to explain the cause of the anomalies and the prognosis for the child to the parents. Different anomalies may be classified as malformations, deformations and disruptions (Smith & Smith 2006; Barkovich et al 2001, Barkovich, 2005). Co-existent group of anomalies is described as polytopic field defect, sequence, syndrome and association. Other classification may be major and minor anomalies. Major anomaly is one with a medical, surgical or cosmetic importance and with impact on morbidity and mortality. Minor anomaly is one that does not have a serious surgical, medical or cosmetic significance and does not affect normal life expectancy or lifestyle.